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Research

Dr. Brotosudarmo is a distinguished researcher with a keen interest in natural pigments and phytochemicals, emphasising their bioactive properties. His pioneering research seeks to unravel the structure, occurrence, composition, and stability of these compounds, aiming to leverage their potential in functional foods to enhance nutrition, address deficiencies, and innovate natural food colourants and ingredients.

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At the Food Technology Study Program, Dr. Brotosudarmo mentors students in understanding how various food processing techniques impact these essential phytochemicals. His work is instrumental in advancing sustainable food processing technologies that not only bolster public health but also minimise ecological impacts through improved food safety measures, including the analysis of residuals in foods and beverages.

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Dr. Brotosudarmo's research journey began with exploring light-harvesting pigments and proteins in photosynthetic microorganisms. In Germany, he developed single-molecule spectroscopy techniques to study chlorophyll reconstitution within protein complexes, offering insights into light-harvesting mechanisms and hybrid solar cell technologies. His international acclaim grew with studies on the structural flexibility of light-harvesting complexes in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Upon returning to Indonesia, he deepened his exploration of the nation's rich biodiversity, further enhancing his research impact.

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See Dr. Brotosudarmo's Google Scholar for the complete publications.

Visit Dr. Brotosudarmo's Web of Science Profile; ORCID-ID.

SELECTED PATENTS

  1. Pringgenies, D., Limantara, L., Sabdono, A., Radjasa, O.K., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P.: Application of Erytrobacter flavus for Coral Reef Conservation. Indonesian Patent Number: IDS000003820, Granted date: 27.04.2021. 

  2. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Adhiwibawa, M.A.S., Prilianti, K.R., Putra, E.H.E.: Method in wireless digital image acquisition for prediction of drought tolerant variant of soybean using fuzzy and artificial neural network algorithms. Indonesian Patent Number: IDP000067697, Granted date: 25.02.2020.

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BOOKS & BOOK CHAPTERS

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  1. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2024). Strategic Short Note: Reviving Local Resources for Healthier Foods in Indonesia. In: Ahamed, T. (eds) IoT and AI in Agriculture. Springer, Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1263-2_24

  2. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. and Heriyanto (2023) Analisis Modern Senyawa Kimia Konsep Dasar Spektrometri Massa dan Aplikasinya dalam Ilmu Pangan dan Biomedis, CV. Media Sains Indonesia, ISBN: 978-623-195-046-8.

  3. Murdiyarso, D., Tjoa, A., Brotosudarmo, T., Juliandi, B., Mumbunan, S., Supriatna, J., Muladno, Iskandar, D. (2021) COVID-19 dan Ketahanan Pangan. In: Ragam Perspektif Dampak COVID-19, Oey-Gardiner, M. and Amin Abdullah, M. (Eds.), Jakarta, Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, Print ISBN 978-623-321-081-2.

  4. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Limantara, L., Heriyanto (2019) Kimia Analitik Instrumentasi – Sebuah Pengantar dengan Aplikasinya dalam Analisis Pigmen Alami, Jakarta, Penerbit Salemba Teknika, ISBN 978-979-9549-50-1.

  5. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Limantara, L., Chandra, R.D., Heriyanto (2018) Chloroplast pigments: structure, function, assembly, and characterization. In: Plant Growth and Regulation – Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions, Diah Ratnadewi and Hamim (Eds.), IntechOpen, Print ISBN 978-1-78984-285-2, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75672.

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ON BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS: CHARACTERISATION AND STABILITY ASSAYS​​

  1. Lukitasari, D.M., Indrawati, R., Chandra, R.D., Heriyanto, Shioi, Y., Botosudarmo, T.H.P. (2024) pH-dependent stability of major betalains in the encapsulated beetroot extracts (Beta vulgaris L.), Journal of Food Science,  1–13.

  2. Wibowo, A.A., Elim, P.E., Heriyanto, Prihastyanti, M.N.U., Yoewono, J.R., Shioi, Y., Limantara, L., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2022). Effect of drying on the production of fucoxanthin isomers from brown seaweeds. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 00, e17057.

  3. Prayitno, D.I., Dewi, E.N., Pringgenies, D., Brotosudarmo, T. H.P. (2022) Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from fermented rebon shrimp (cincalok) using vegetable oils as solvents, OCL 29: 15.

  4. Wibowo, A.A., Heriyanto, Shioi, Y., Limantara, L., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2022) Simultaneous purification of fucoxanthin isomers from brown seaweeds by open-column and high-performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography B, 1193, 123166. 

  5. Soetantijo, L. A., Lintang, H. O., Heriyanto, Handojo, M. A. P., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2022) Optimization of Adsorption and Desorption Time in the Extraction of Volatile Compounds in Brewed Java Arabica Coffee Using the HS-SPME/GC-MS Technique, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi, 25 (2), 49-55. 

  6. Brotosudarmo, T. H. P., Setiyono, E., Awai, K., Pringgenies, D. (2021). Marine bacterium Seonamhaeicola algicola strain CC1 as a potential source for the antioxidant carotenoid, zeaxanthin. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 26 (4), 215–224. 

  7. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Limantara, L., Pringgenies, D. (2021) Recent exploration of bioactive pigments from marine bacteria, ScienceAsia, 47, 566-270. 

  8. Indrawati, R., Zubaidah, E., Sutrisno, A., Limantara, L., & Brotosudarmo, T. H. P. (2021). The Remnant photosynthetic pigments in tea dregs: identification, composition, and potential use as antibacterial photosensitizer. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 15, 835–845.

  9. Indrawati, R., Zubaidah, R., Sutrisno, A., Limantara, L., Yusuf, M.M., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2021) Visible light-induced antibacterial activity of pigments extracted from dregs of green and black teas, Scientifica, 2021, 5524468.

  10. Jodiawan, Chrisdiyanti, D.N, Vi'atin, N., Prihastyanti, M.N.U., Chandra, R.D., Heriyanto, Siswanti, C.A., Hapsari, L., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2021) Carotenoid analysis from commercial banana cultivar (Musa spp.) in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 21(3), 690-698.

  11. Dwivany, F.M., Sukriandi, N., Meitha, K., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2021) In silico characterization of the structure of genes and proteins related to β-carotene degradation in Musa acuminata ‘DHPahang’ and Musa balbisiana ‘Pisang Klutuk Wulung’., Tropical Agricultural Science, 44(2), 429-447. 

  12. Heriyanto, Gunawan, I.A., Fujii, R., Maoka, T., Shioi, Y., Kameubun, K.M.B., Limantara, L., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P.(2021) Carotenoid composition in buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.), an indigenous red fruit of the Papua Islands, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 96, 103722. 

  13. Setiyono, E.; Adhiwibawa, A.S.; Indrawati, R.; Prihastyanti, M.N.U.; Shioi, Y.; Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2020) An Indonesian marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas rubra, produces antimicrobial prodiginine pigments, ACS Omega, 5, 9, 4626-4635.

  14. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Limantara, L., Setiyono, E., Heriyanto (2020) Structures of Astaxanthin and Their Consequences for Therapeutic Application, International Journal of Food Science, 2020, ID 2155682.

  15. Chandra, R.D.; Siswanti, C.A.; Prihastyanti, M.N.U.; Heriyanto; Limantara, L.; Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2020) Evaluating Provitamin A Carotenoids and Polar Metabolite Composition during the Ripening Stages of the Agung Semeru Banana (Musa paradisiaca L. AAB), International Journal of Food Sciences, 2020, ID 8503923.  

  16. Indrawati, R., Kurniawan, J.M., Wibowo, A.A., Juliana, Gunawan, I.A., Heriyanto, Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2019) Integrated solvent-free extraction and encapsulation of lutein from marigold petals and its application, CyTA - Journal of Food, 17 (1), 121-127. 

  17. Setiyono, E., Heriyanto, Pringgenies, D., Kanesaki, Y., Awai, K., Brotosudarmo, T.P.B. (2019) Sulfur-containing carotenoids from a marine coral symbiont Erythrobacter flavus strain KJ5, Marine Drugs, 17, 349.

  18. Kanesaki, Y., Setiyono, E., Pringgenies, D., Moriuchi, R., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Awai, K. (2019) Complete genome sequence of the marine bacterium Erythrobacter flavus strain KJ5, Microbiology Resource Announcements, 8, e00140-19. 

  19. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Heriyanto, Shioi, Y., Indriatmoko, Adhiwibawa, M.A.S., Indrawati, R., Limantara, L. (2018) Composition of the main dominant pigments from potential two edible seaweeds, Philippine Journal of Science, 147(1), 47-55. 

  20. Juliadiningtyas, A.D., Pringgenies, D., Heriyanto, Salim, K.P., Radjasa, O.K., Shioi, Y., Limantara, L., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2018) Preliminary investigation of the carotenoid composition of Erythrobacter sp. Strain KJ5 by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, Philippine Journal of Science 147(1), 93-100. 

  21. Helly de Fretes, AB. Susanto, Leenawaty Limantara, Budhi Prasetyo, Heriyanto and Tatas H. P. Brotosudarmo. (2012): Estimation on degradation products of crude pigment extracts from red, brown and green varieties of red alga Kappaphycus alvaewzii (Doty) Doty: Difference absorption spectra studies, Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 17 (1), 31-38

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ON PUBLIC HEALTH

  1. Wartiningsih, M., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Tanzillia, M.F., Kodrat, D.S. (2023) Does Drinking Coffee and Tea Affect to the Hemoglobine Level on Women of Reproductive Age at Tengger? - A Preliminary Research, Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 8(3), 1524-1534. DOI: 10.30604/jika.v8i3.2356

  2. Wartiningsih, M., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Tanzillia, M.F., Kodrat, D.S., Sugiyatmi, T.A. (2025) Highland Living and Anemia Risk: Examining the Role of Hemoglobin and the Culture of Drinking Tea and Coffee in Stunting Prevention, Universal Journal of Public Health,13(1), 181 - 189. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2025.130118

 

​ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) FOR ANALYSIS OF PIGMENTS AND BIODIVERSITY​

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  1. Prilianti, K.R; Setiyono, E.; Kelana, O.H.; Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2021) Deep Chemometrics for Nondestructive Photosynthetic Pigments Prediction Using Leaf Reflectance Spectra, Information Processing in Agriculture, 8(1), 194-204.

  2. Prilianti, K. R., Anam, S., Brotosudarmo, T. H. P., Suryanto, A. (2021). Non-destructive Photosynthetic Pigments Prediction using Multispectral Imagery and 2D-CNN. International Journal of Computing, 20(3), 391-399. 

  3. Prilianti, K. R., Anam, S., Brotosudarmo, T. H. P., and Suryanto, A. (2020) “Real-time assessment of plant photosynthetic pigment contents with an artificial intelligence approach in a mobile application”, Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 51(4), pp. 220–228.

  4. Adhiwibawa, M.A.S., Ariyanto, M.R., Struck, A., Prilianti, K.R., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2019) Convolutional neural network in image analysis for determination of mangrove species, Proc. SPIE 11044, 1104404

  5. Prilianti, K.R., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Anam, S., Suryanto, A. (2019) Performance comparison of the convolutional neural network optimizer for photosynthetic pigments prediction on plant digital image, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2084, 020020

  6. Prilianti, K.R., Hariyanto, S., Natali, F.D.D., Indriatmoko, Adhiwibawa, M.A.S., Limantara, L., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P (2016) Artificial neural network model for photosynthetic pigments identification using multi-wavelength chromatographic data, The American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, 1723, 030016

  7. Adhiwibawa, M.A.S., Setiawan, Y.E., Prilianti, K.R., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2015) Web camera as low cost multispectral sensor for quantification of chlorophyll in soybean leaves, Proceeding of SPIE9444

  8. Adhiwibawa, M.A.S., Setiawan, Y.E., Setiawan Y., Prilianti, K.R., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. (2015) Application of simple multispectral image sensor and artificial intelligence for predicting of drought tolerant variety of soybean, Procedia Chemistry, 14, 246-255

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ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEXES AND THEIR SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS

  1. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Wittmann, B., Seki, S., Fujii, R., Köhler, J. (2022) Wavelength-Dependent Optical Response of Single Photosynthetic Antenna Complexes from Siphonous Green Alga Codium fragile, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 13, 5226-5231.

  2. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Wittmann, B., Seki, S., Fujii, R., Köhler, J. (2022) Preprocess dependence of optical properties of ensembles and single siphonaxanthin-containing major antenna from the marine green alga Codium fragile, Scientific Reports, 12, 8461.

  3. Bujak, L., Olejnik, M., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Schmidt, M.K., Czechowski, N., Piatkowski, D., Aizpurua J., Cogdell, R.J., Heiss, W., Mackowski, S. (2014) Polarization control of metal-enhanced fluorescence in hybrid assemblies of photosynthetic complexes and gold nanorods, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 16, 9015-9022

  4. Bucynska, D., Bujak, L., Loi, M.A., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Cogdell, R., Mackowski,S. (2012) Energy transfer from conjugated polymer to bacterial light-harvesting complex, Applied Physics Letters 101, 173707

  5. Krajnik, B., Czechowski, N., Ciszak, K., Piatkowski, D., Mackowski, S., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Scheer, H., Pichler, S. and Heiss, W. (2012) Plasmon- enhanced fluorescence in heterochlorophyllous peridinin-chlorophyll-protein photosynthetic complex, Optical Materials, 34(12), 2076-2079

  6. Luer, L., Moulisova, V., Henry, S., Polli, D., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Hoseinkani, S., Brida, D., Lanzani, G., Cerullo, G. and Cogdell, R.J. (2012) Tracking energy transfer between light harvesting complex 2 and 1 in photosynthetic membranes grown under high and low illumination, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 109(5), 1473-1478.

  7. Czechowski, N., Nyga, P., Schmidt, M.K., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Scheer, H., Piatkowski, D. and Mackowski, S. (2012) Absorption Enhancement in Peridinin- Chlorophyll-Protein Light-Harvesting Complexes Coupled to Semicontinuous Silver Film, Plasmonics, 7(1), 115-121.

  8. Bujak, L., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Czeckowski, N., Olejnik, M., Ciszak, K., Litvin, R., Cogdell, R.J., Heiss, W. and Mackowski, S. (2012) Spectral dependence of fluorescence enhancement in LH2-Au nanoparticle hybrid nanostructure, Acta Physica Polonica A, 122(2), 252-254

  9. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Collins, A.M., Gall, A., Roszak, A.W., Gardiner, A.T., Blankenship, R.E. and Cogdell, R.J. (2011) The light intensity under which cells are grown controls the type of peripheral light-harvesting complexes that are assembled in a purple photosynthetic bacterium, Biochemical Journal 440, 51-61

  10. Bujak, L., Czechowski, N., Piatkowski, D., Litvin, R., Mackowski, S., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Cogdell, R.J., Pichler, S. and Heiss, W. (2011) Fluorescence enhancement of light-harvesting complex 2 from purple bacteria coupled to spherical gold nanoparticle, Applied Physics Letters 99, 173701

  11. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. and Cogdell, R.J. (2010): Study on the structural basis of peripheral light harvesting complexes (LH2) in purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacteria, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 10(3), 401-408.

  12. Cogdell, R.J., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Gardiner, A.T., Sanchez, P.M., Cronin, L. (2010) Artificial photosynthesis – solar fuels: current status and future prospects, Biofuels, 1(6), 861-876

  13. Moulisová, V., Luer, L., Hoseinkhani, S., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Collins, A.M., Lanzani, G., Blankenship, R.E. and Cogdell, R.J. (2009): Low light adaptation: Energy transfer processes in different types of light harvesting complexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Biophysical Journal, 97, 3019-3028.

  14. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Kunz, R., Böhm, P., Gardiner, A.T., Moulisová, V., Cogdell, R.J. and Köhler, J. (2009): Single-molecule spectroscopy reveals that individual low- light LH2 complexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2.1.6. have a heterogenous polypeptide composition, Biophysical Journal, 97, 1491-1500.

  15. Cogdell, R.J., Gardiner, A.T., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P. and Hashimoto, H. (2008): A Comparative Look at the First Few Milliseconds of the Light Reactions of Photosynthesis, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 7, 1150-1158.

  16. Bujak, L., Piatkowski, D., Mackowski, S., Wörmke, S., Jung, C., Bräuchle, C., Agarwal, A., Kotov, N.A., Schulte, T., Hofmann, E., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Scheer, H., Govorov, A.O. and Hiller, R.G. (2009): Plasmon Enhancement of Fluorescence in Single Light-Harvesting Complexes from Amphidinium carterae, Acta Physica Polonica A, 116, S22-25.

  17. Wörmke, S., Mackowski, S., Schalter, A., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Johanning, S., Scheer, H. and Bräuchle, C. (2008): Single Molecule Fluorescence of Native and Refolded Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes, Journal of Fluorescence, 18, 611- 617.

  18. Mackowski, S., Wörmke, S., Maier, A.J., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Harutyunyan, H., Hartschuh, A., Govorov, A.O., Scheer, H. and Bräuchle, C. (2008): Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence of Chlorophylls in Single Light-Harvesting Complexes, Nano Letters, 8(2), 558-646.

  19. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Mackowski, S., Hofmann, E., Hiller, R.G., Bräuchle, C. and Scheer, H. (2008): Relative binding affinities of chlorophylls in peridinin-chlorophyll- protein reconstituted with heterochlorophyllous mixtures, Photosynthesis Research, 95(2-3), 247-52.

  20. Mackowski, S., Wörmke, S., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Scheer, H. and Bräuchle, C. (2008): Fluorescence spectroscopy of reconstituted peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complexes, Photosynthesis Research, 95(2-3), 253-60.

  21. Mackowski, S., Wörmke, S., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Jung, C., Hiller, R.G., Scheer, H. and Bräuchle, C. (2007): Energy transfer in reconstituted peridinin-chlorophyll- protein complexes: ensemble and single-molecule spectroscopy studies, Biophysical Journal, 93(9), 3249-58.

  22. Wörmke, S., Mackowski, S., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Jung, C., Zumbusch, A., Ehrl, M., Scheer, H., Hofmann, E., Hiller, R.G. and Bräuchle, C. (2007): Monitoring fluorescence of individual chromophores in peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex using single molecule spectroscopy, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics, 1767, 956-964.

  23. Wörmke, S., Makowski, S., Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Bäuchle, C.H., Gracia, A., Braun, P., Scheer, H. and Hofmann, E. (2007): Detection of Single Biomolecule Fluorescence Excited through Energy Transfer: Application to Light-Harvesting Complexes, Applied Physics Letters, 90, 193901-3.

  24. Brotosudarmo, T.H.P., Hofmann, E., Hiller, R.G., Wörmke, S., Mackowski, S., Zumbusch, A., Bräuchle, C. and Scheer, H. (2006): Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein Reconstituted with Chlorophyll Mixtures: Preparation, Bulk and Single Molecule Spectroscopy, FEBS Letters, 580, 5257–5262.​

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